A COUPLING AND COHESION METRICS SUITE FOR

The increasing need for software quality measurements has led to extensive research into software metrics and the development of software metric tools. To maintain high quality software, developers need to strive for a low-coupled and highly cohesive design. One of many properties considered when measuring coupling and cohesion is the type of relationships that made up coupling and cohesion. What these specific relationships are is widely understood and accepted by researchers and practitioners. However, different researchers base their metrics on a different subset of these relationships. Studies have shown that because of the inclusion of multiple subsets of relationships in one measure of coupling and cohesion metrics, the measures tend to correlate among each other. Validation of these metrics against maintainability index of a Java program suggested that there is high multicollinearity among coupling and cohesion metrics. This research introduces an approach of implementing coupling and cohesion metrics. Every possible relationship is considered and, for each, addressed the issue of whether or not it has significant effect on maintainability index prediction. Validation of orthogonality of the selected metrics is assessed by means of principal component analysis. The investigation suggested that some of the metrics are independent set of metrics, while some are measuring similar dimension

KEBIJAKAN EKONOMI BENTENG DAN DAMPAKNYA DI SURABAYA TAHUN 1950-1955

Perekonomian Indonesia pada awal kemerdekaan sedikit banyak masih dibawah kendali asing. Untuk itu pemerintah ingin mewujudkan perekonomian dengan meningkatkan peran serta rakyat Indonesia atau disebut ekonomi nasional. Untuk mewujudkan ekonomi nasional tersebut, salah satu upaya pemerintah dengan menerapkan kebijakan ekonomi Benteng di seluruh Indonesia, salah satunya di kota Surabaya. Surabaya sebagai kota dagang dan pelabuhan serta kota terbesar kedua Indonesia dengan adanya kebijakan tersebut tentunya akan mempengaruhi kehidupan ekonomi di Surabaya. Adapun rumusan masalah yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Apa yang melatar belakangi dikeluarkannya kebijakan ekonomi Benteng (2) Bagaimana proses pelaksanaan dari kebijakan ekonomi Benteng di Surabaya (3) Bagaimana dampak dari kebijakan ekonomi Benteng terhadap pengusaha pribumi dan non-pribumi di Surabaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan wawasan keilmuan mengenai pengaruh kebijakan ekonomi Benteng terhadap ekonomi dan perkembangan para pengusaha di Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah, yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi.Setelah pengakuan kedaulatan, pemerintah menerapkan suatu kebijakan yang disebut dengan kebijakan ekonomi Benteng. Tujuan kebijakan ini adalah dalam rangka menciptakan pengusaha pribumi Indonesia dengan pemberian lisensi impor dan kredit. Para pengusaha di Indonesia tidak berkembang, kedudukannya kurang mampu dalam menyusun kekuatan untuk mempengaruhi jalannya perekonomian. Pengusaha Indonesia umumya berpendidikan rendah sehingga kemajuan dalam mengembangkan usahanya kurang maksimal. Mereka tidak mampu menghadapi kekuatan pengusaha-pengusaha Barat yang modalnya besar dan modern. Karena hal itu pengusaha di Indonesia sangat bergantung pada pemerintah. Kebijakan ekonomi Benteng difokuskan pada sektor perdagangan impor karena lebih mudah dikendalikan oleh pemerintah dan paling cocok untuk memajukan pengusaha pribumi karena membutuhkan modal yang sedikit. Pelaksanaan ekonomi Benteng di Surabaya tidak jauh berbeda dengan nasional. Kebutuhan untuk impor Benteng di Surabaya hanya bisa dilayani di KPUI Jakarta karena pada awal penerapannya jumlah importir Benteng masih sedikit dan agar para importir Benteng bisa lebih mandiri.Pelaksanaan kebijakan ekonomi Benteng di Surabaya tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan oleh pemerintah. Para pengusaha pribumi tidak mempunyai banyak pengalaman dan skill serta tidak mampu memanfaatkan dengan baik fasilitas yang diberikan oleh pemerintah akibatnya banyak bermunculan pengusaha aktentas dan muncul sistem Ali-Baba. Kebijakan ini juga menimbulkan diskriminasi terhadap para pengusaha non-pribumi khususnya Tionghoa, mereka kesulitan mengimpor barang karena lisensi impor hanya diberikan kepada pengusaha pribumi. Meski dalam pelaksanaannya terjadi banyak penyimpangan, namun berhasil membentuk pengusaha pribumi yang kuat walupun jumlahnya sedikit Kata kunci: kebijakan ekonomi Benteng, Surabaya, ekonom

Mobile Travel Guide for Budget Travelers

The rapid advancement of information and commnnication technologies has being shaping up a new value chain for tourism. Some travel organizers are getting less profit from the standard package tours because of the shift in the structure of tourism. This is because, nowadays travelers or tourists especially backpackers are no longer depending on the travel organizers. People nowadays have no more time to plan their trip and go for a package for a few days time. Thus, whenever these busy people have a little leisure time for a vacation, they will just pack their things into the backpacker, and go for an unplanned vacation. Before going to a trip, they will first find some information via tourism-related website so that they will have an idea on where to go. Once they have the idea, they just go for that trip without knowing they might be facing some kind of problem such as lack of money, getting lost, having no idea on what are the tourists attraction at a new place which can cause them to have a difficult time during the trip occurred. This is because tourism websites are not very informative to meet the travelers' expectations and needs. This research is aims to design and develop a Mobile Travel Guide for Budget Travelers to assist the travelers especially for the backpackers in information seeking and searching through mobile phone. The system will help travelers by giving a suggestion list of possible places of interest where the tourists can go within a limited budget. Basically, the system will provide information needed by tourist such as accommodation, places of interest, transportation, travel and destination organizations. The system will be developed by using a System Development Life Cycle Model which a throwaway prototyping will be used in designing the system. The system will use Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) platform where it has been used in most of mobile phone available in the market. This paper reports on the researches that have been made for the development stages and the as well as the system architecture of the system. The report also included the final results of the findings as well as the recommendations that have been made for the future enhancement

MODIFIKASI TEPUNG JAGUNG DENGAN FERMENTASI

Pati termasuk jenis karbohidrat yang merupakan polimer dari glukosa. Pati terdiri dari dua komponen utama yaitu amilosa dan amilopektin. Amilosa merupakan gabungan dari glukosa melalui ikatan α (1→4), sehingga amilosa berupa rantai lurus. Berbeda dengan amilosa, ikatan pada amilopektin adalah ikatan α (1→4) dan α (1→6), sehingga ada rantai cabang pada amilopektin. Umumnya rasio antara amilosa dan amilopektin pada pati adalah 1:3. Amilosa dan amilopektin berada dalam suatu granula pati. Bentuk dan ukuran ganula pati berbeda-beda. Hal ini tergantung dari jenis tanamannya. Misalnya granula pati beras memiliki ukuran kecil (3-8 µm) dan berbentuk polygonal. Granula pati jagung cenderung agak lebih besar (±15 µm) dan berbentuk bulat

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Barriers Toward Evidence-Based Practice Among Oral Health Professionals in Saudi Arabia

Evidence -based decision making enables oral health professionals to make clinical practice decisions by utilizing the best available and most current scientific evidence. In combination with patients\u27 values and circumstances, oral health professionals\u27 experience and judgment are equally considered with scientific evidence in evidence-based decision making. The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitudes of evidence-based practice (EBP) among oral health professionals in Saudi Arabia and to determine the obstacles and barriers to implementation. Using a descriptive survey design, classrooms and clinics of 258 oral healthcare professionals were randomly selected from King Saud University, College of Dentistry and King Saud University, College of Applied Medical Sciences. The questionnaires were distributed by hand to the female participants from one of the female co-investigators. For male schools, class leaders of each classroom handed out the questionnaires to their academicians and classmates. Data from the questionnaires was analyzed using the following: frequency, medians, percentile, Spearman Rank Order Correlations, and Mann-Whitney U test. More than 40% of the participants reported they had no idea what meta-analysis, p-value, relative risk, odds ratio, publication bias, and confidence interval meant when surveyed. Over 30% of the participants were able to identify patients\u27 preferences or values as one of the three components included in the evidence-based decision making (EBDM) process. Similarly, participants selected systematic review as the type of scientific literature providing the strongest evidence for EBDM. More than 70% of the participants reported interest towards integrating EBP in the curriculum of all dental and dental hygiene programs. Barriers to implementing EBP included very expensive academic journals, the lack of information exchange between practitioners and academics, and the lack of up-to-date evidence for many devices and products. The EBP concepts and approach were not fully understood by the majority of oral health professionals in Saudi Arabia; however, the oral health professionals and students surveyed demonstrated a welcoming attitude aimed at EBP. Emphasis on enhancing the awareness of EBP concepts and approach, its significance, and process among Saudi Arabian oral health professionals and students is needed to improve quality oral health care

Business Development Strategy: A case study at the fastest food packaging converter printing company in Malaysia

However, to become a leading one-stop solution provider to support all packaging requirements from global clients, they must invest in new technology for business development strategy. This study focused on the challenges faced by a food packaging converter, Company A using the flexography technology from Koenig & Bauer as the first Asian country that invests with the technology to enable them to define new yardsticks in the packaging sector. This study also discussed strategies for material usage with the new printing technology. Now, the food packaging converter industry is thriving to the next level of business growth by partnering with an international packaging company subsidiary to sustain its business continuity as a global alliance of packaging printing companies. Keywords: Printing technology investment; Print on demand; Business development; Strategy; food packaging material. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI8.391

A 5-year review of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse following pelvic reconstructive surgeries in Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah

Recurrent pelvic organ prolapse after primary pelvic reconstructive surgery is common with recurrence rate 29-34%. The study was carried out to determine the local prevalence of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to determine the associated factors for its recurrence following primary pelvic reconstructive surgery (PRS). It was a retrospective observational study which was carried out at Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu involving all patient who underwent PRS between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2015. Case notes were review and patients who had recurrent POP more or equal to grade 2 Baden-Walker System within two years of the operation were included. A total of 125 patients were involved. The prevalence of recurrent POP following primary PRS in studied population was 24.8%. The association between each related variable towards recurrent POP was examined. However, no variables were found to be significant at the end. The prevalence of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse in HSNZ was 24.8% within two years interval between primary operation and recurrence. There were no significant risk factors identified to be associated with the recurrence in the studied population. However, the age was the nearest factor that influence recurrence of POP